The following statements describe which world leader?

A. Benito Mussolini
Incorrect. Mussolini ruled in Italy and took power by force.

B. Josef Stalin
Incorrect. Josef Stalin was responsible for the mass murder of millions of his own people, but the other statements describe Adolf Hitler.

C. Josef Goebbels
Incorrect. Josef Goebbels was one the closest advisors to Adolf Hitler, but all four statements apply only to Hitler.

D. Adolf Hitler
Correct! These statements all describe Adolf Hitler.

Nazism and Fascism, the ideologies of Hitler and Mussolini, respectively, share which of the following characteristics?

A. A sympathy with communism, believing that government should redistribute goods so everyone can share in society’s prosperity.
Incorrect. Both Nazism and fascism were virulently opposed to communism.

B. Ultranationalism, believing to the extreme that the primary purpose of the state was to glorify the country and advance national ideals.
Correct! Nazism and fascism made the promotion of the ideals of the nation the primary purpose of the state and tolerated no dissent from the glorification of country.

C. Religious fanaticism, believing that the primary purpose of the state was to enforce religious practice.
Incorrect. Nazi Germany and Fascist Italy used religion as a means to further glorify the country, making it part of its ultranationalist regime.

D. Representative government, believing that all members of the “master race” should have a voice the operation of the state.
Incorrect. Nazism and Fascism eliminated democratic institutions and gave rise to totalitarian regimes.

Under a totalitarian regime —

A. government is not involved in the daily lives of the people
Incorrect. Totalitarian governments have total control.

B. government has control of all aspects of life
Correct! Good, totalitarian governments are extremely involved in the daily lives of its citizens.

C. government is democratically elected
Incorrect. Totalitarian governments do not hold elections.

D. government must respect the individual rights of its citizens
Incorrect. There are no limits on the government under totalitarian governments, and they frequently have violated individual rights.

Which of the following factors contributed to Adolf Hitler’s rise to power?

A. The Treaty of Versailles, which forced Germany to keep an unpopular monarch in power.
Incorrect. While Adolf Hitler could rouse the people’s hatred of the Treaty of Versailles, the treaty did not specify the German form of government and during the 1920s it was a republic.

B. The complete lack of willingness on the part of the United States, England, and France to reduce any of the German punishments as part of the Treaty of Versailles.
Incorrect. While Adolf Hitler could rose the people’s hatred of the Treaty of Versailles, the Allied governments consistently were willing to ease up on the treaty’s terms, which Hitler used to his advantage once he came into power.

C. Despite struggling as an orator, Hitler could rally the people using himself as the prototypical blond-haired, blue-eyed member of the Aryan race.
Incorrect. Hitler was an extremely gifted orator and as a short, black haired, black eyed man, did not look like the mythical man of the master race.

D. The poor economy of the Weimar Republic and Hitler’s ability to scapegoat the Treaty of Versailles and minority groups.
Correct! The Weimar Republic, a name for Germany during the 1920s, had a terrible economy with hyperinflation. This fueled Hitler’s rants against minority groups, such as the Jews, and the Treaty of Versailles.