The Carthaginians were originally –

A. one of the regional dynasties that succeeded Alexander the Great’s empire in the eastern Mediterranean
Incorrect. Carthage was a not a Greek colony and did not succeed Alexander the Great.

B. descendants of the Etruscans and Rome’s rivals in the eastern Mediterranean
Incorrect. The Etruscans lived in the area around the Seven Hills of Rome.

C. Phoenicians who established a major trade empire in the western Mediterranean
Correct! Carthage was a Phoenician colony.

D. Numidian nomads who inhabited North Africa
Incorrect. The Carthaginians were a Phoenician colony who traded with Numidian tribes.

The general who defeated Hannibal in the Second Punic War was –

A. Cassius
Incorrect. Cassius was a politician and judge who lived during the later part of the Roman Empire.

B. Cato
Incorrect. Cato was a Senator and a statesman.

C. Scipio
Correct! Because of his defeat of Hannibal in North Africa, he became known as Scipio Africanus.

D. Polybius
Incorrect. Polybius was a Greek historian.

As a result of the Third Punic War, —

A. the Greek city-state of Corinth was destroyed by the Romans
Incorrect. Corinth had nothing to do with the Punic Wars.

B. Carthage was destroyed and Rome became the leading power in the Mediterranean world
Correct! The strategic, geographic location of Carthage helped Rome become a sea power.

C. Rome was destroyed and Carthage became the leading power in the Mediterranean world
Incorrect. Carthage was destroyed, not Rome.

D. Sicily came under Roman control
Incorrect. This happened as a result of the First Punic War.

Which statement about the effects of the Roman conquests is false?

A. Large estates called latifundias took the place of small farms.
Incorrect. This statement is true. These large estates made their landholders very wealthy.

B. Romans began to use slaves to work the land when Rome expanded.
Incorrect. This statement is true. As the Romans conquered new territory, they often enslaved people to work the land.

C. Most Roman farmers fixed up their farms and restored their land.
Correct.! This statement is false. Most farmers either sold or abandoned their farms and moved to the city.

D. As more and more farmers moved into the city, living conditions worsened and disease increased.
Incorrect. This statement is true. Farmers could not compete with the large estates. They abandoned their farms and moved to the city. As the population increased, conditions in the city worsened.