Education

Organizations such as the Freedmen's Bureau, established by the federal government, helped set up schools throughout the South to educate freed slaves. There was a hunger among the black population to learn, especially to read, and people from all ages would attend class together. By the turn of the century, a majority of the African-American population became literate.

Economic Freedom

Under Reconstruction, former slaves were now free to choose how they wanted to make a living. Among the rights guaranteed by the 14th Amendment was the right to make contracts. They could own property and run their own farms. They were free to start their own businesses and engage in trades of their choosing.

Religion

Even during slavery, church was important. However, during Reconstruction the black church became a major social institution that provided for the African-American community and preached the need for justice for freed slaves. It was the first social institution completely controlled by black men and became a training ground for future political leaders.

Politics

Under Reconstruction, black men—especially ministers—were now eligible to run and vote for political office. With help from the Freedmen's Bureau and the 15th Amendment, freedmen elected many African Americans to positions in government, especially local government. Most notably, Hiram Revels of Mississippi was chosen as the first African-American senator of the United States. Twenty-one African Americans were elected to the House of Representatives during Reconstruction.

Family

Reconstruction saw the rebuilding of the African-American family. Slave families were often torn apart when a master sold members away from the plantation. Emancipation allowed for individuals to travel freely and reunite with loved ones. It also legalized black marriages and guaranteed that future families could stay together.