Elastic Clause
The final clause in Article I Section 8 grants Congress the power to make all laws "necessary and proper" to exercise the powers that are listed. The "necessary and proper" clause is better known as the elastic clause. It allows Congress to "stretch" its enumerated powers to make laws in areas that are related to the enumerated powers but not specifically stated.
NASA
To understand how the implied powers work, notice that the Constitution grants the Congress the authority to "raise and support armies" and "provide and maintain a navy. " It says nothing about an Air Force. However, to have a military today, it is certainly necessary and proper to have an Air Force. Likewise, for national defense, it is considered necessary and proper for the United States to have a space program (and it was even more important during the Cold War when the United States was competing with the Soviet Union).
Commerce Clause
One power of Congress gets stretched more than any other—the interstate commerce clause. According to the Supreme Court, Congress has the authority to regulate economy activity that substantially effects trade between the states. When you think about how connected the global economic is today, that's quite a lot. Minimum wage laws, food safety laws, and environmental protections all are implied powers under the interstate commerce clause.