Which of the following events could be considered a violation of the 15th Amendment to the Constitution?

A. The debt of sharecroppers
Incorrect. The 15th Amendment protects the right to vote and sharecropping does not affect that.

B. The attempt to stop the KKK
Incorrect. The KKK tried to intimidate African Americans, and stopping it supports the goals of the 15th Amendment.

C. Laws restricting African American voting rights
Correct! The 15th Amendment protects voting rights and laws that restrict them are in violation of the amendment.

D. The Freedmen’s Bureau
Incorrect. The Freedmen’s Bureau supported the goals of the 15th Amendment, increasing voter participation.

Which of the following individuals most directly benefited from the Civil War Amendments?

A. Ulysses S. Grant
Incorrect. While Grant received many votes from African Americans through the Civil War amendments, as the hero of the Civil War, he likely would have been elected president anyway.

B. Jefferson Davis
Incorrect. Jefferson Davis opposed the Civil War amendments.

C. Nathan Bedford Forrest
Incorrect. As the founder of the KKK, Forrest strongly opposed the Civil War Amendments.

D. Hiram Revels
Correct! The Civil War Amendments secured Revels’s freedom from slavery and helped him get elected as the first African-American U.S. senator.

• Increase in Literacy Rates
• Reunification of Families
• Increase in Economic Freedom

Which of the following labels best summarizes the above list?

A. The social benefits of Reconstruction
Correct! The entire list names social benefits of Reconstruction.

B. The post-Civil War economic boom
Incorrect. The entire list names social benefits of Reconstruction, which only partly includes the economy.

C. The effects of the white Southern backlash against Reconstruction
Incorrect. The entire list names social benefits of Reconstruction, not the effects of the backlash against Reconstruction.

D. The Civil War Amendments
Incorrect. While the Civil War Amendments helped the achievement of this list, it really names the social benefits of Reconstruction.

__________________ violence was often random, spontaneous, and poorly planned, but it spread quickly and took every imaginable form. There were attacks on freedmen who voted, ran for office, sat on juries, and testified against white. . . A freedman from Marion County recalled his "old massa" telling him, "Now you show up tomorrow ad' get your-self behind a mule or I'll land you in the chain gang for stealin,' or set the _________________ on you."

Adapted from David Oshinsky, “Worse than Slavery” Parchman Farm and the Ideal of Jim Crow Justice

What best fills in both blanks in the above passage?

A. Freedmen’s Bureau
Incorrect. The Freedmen’s Bureau worked to support freedmen, not attack them. The Ku Klux Klan inflicted violence upon the freedmen.

B. Northern soldier
Incorrect. The Northern soldier defended the freedman against the violence of the Ku Klux Klan.

C. Radical Republican
Incorrect. The Radical Republic worked to support the freedman against the violence of the Ku Klux Klan.

D. Ku Klux Klan
Correct! The Ku Klux Klan led the white Southern violence against freedmen.

A freedman was born in North Carolina. Which of these amendments makes it absolutely clear that he is a citizen of the United States?

A. 13th Amendment
Incorrect. The 13th Amendment ended slavery, but did not say anything about citizenship. That was left to the 14th Amendment.

B. 14th Amendment
Correct! The 14th Amendment declares that everyone born in the United States is a citizen, regardless of being a slave in the past.

C. 15th Amendment
Incorrect. The 15th Amendment protects the voting rights of freedman, but it’s the 14th Amendment that makes him a citizen.

D. 16th Amendment
Incorrect. The 16th Amendment does not state anything about citizenship.