Suppose the state of Virginia had 80 white citizens, 10 non-white free citizens, and 10 slaves. What would be its population total for the purposes of determining representation under the Three-Fifths Compromise?

A. 100
Incorrect. Under the Three-Fifths compromise, you add up all the free citizens plus three-fifths of the slaves. There are 90 free citizens and three-fifths of 10 slaves is 6, making a population total of 96.

B. 60
Incorrect. Under the Three-Fifths compromise, you add up all the free citizens plus three-fifths of the slaves. There are 90 free citizens and three-fifths of 10 slaves is 6, making a population total of 96.

C. 92
Incorrect. Under the Three-Fifths compromise, you add up all the free citizens plus three-fifths of the slaves. There are 90 free citizens and three-fifths of 10 slaves is 6, making a population total of 96.

D. 96
Correct! Under the Three-Fifths compromise, you add up all the free citizens plus three-fifths of the slaves. There are 90 free citizens and three-fifths of 10 slaves is 6, making a population total of 96.

Which of the following positions would George Mason most likely agree with?

A. The Constitution does an excellent job limiting the power of the government through checks and balances.
Incorrect. Mason was an Anti-Federalist who opposed the ratification of the Constitution and wanted it to include a Bill of Rights.

B. The Constitution strikes just the right balance between state power and federal power.
Incorrect. Mason was an Anti-Federalist who opposed the ratification of the Constitution and wanted it to include a Bill of Rights.

C. The Constitution needs to provide a written guarantee of the rights of the people.
Correct! Mason was an Anti-Federalist who wanted the Constitution to include a Bill of Rights.

D. The Constitution should be ratified.
Incorrect. Mason was an Anti-Federalist who opposed the ratification of the Constitution and wanted it to include a Bill of Rights.

“Resolved, therefore, that the Representation in the Supreme Legislature ought to be by States, otherwise some of the States in the Union will possess a greater Share of Sovereignty, Freedom, and Independence than others.”

What type of person most likely said the above quote?

A. A delegate from a small state
Correct! This text is from William Paterson’s notes as he was developing the New Jersey Plan, which had equal representation among the states.

B. A delegate from a large state
Incorrect. This text is from William Paterson’s notes as he was developing the New Jersey Plan, which had equal representation among the states.

C. A Federalist
Incorrect. This text is from William Paterson’s notes as he was developing the New Jersey Plan, which had equal representation among the states.

D. An Anti-Federalist
Incorrect. This text is from William Paterson’s notes as he was developing the New Jersey Plan, which had equal representation among the states.

” --Amendment X, U.S. Constitution

The above amendment to the Constitution would most strongly have been supported by what person?

A. A delegate from a small state
Incorrect. This is an amendment defending the rights of states and is part of the Bill of Rights, both central ideas of the Anti-Federalists. They came equally from large and small states.

B. A delegate from a large state
Incorrect. This is an amendment defending the rights of states and is part of the Bill of Rights, both central ideas of the Anti-Federalists. They came equally from large and small states.

C. A Federalist
Incorrect. This is an amendment defending the rights of states and is part of the Bill of Rights, both central ideas of the Anti-Federalists. They came equally from large and small states.

D. An Anti-Federalist
Correct! This is an amendment defending the rights of states and is part of the Bill of Rights, both central ideas of the Anti-Federalists. They came equally from large and small states.

“It is of great importance in a republic not only to guard the society against the oppression of its rulers, but to guard one part of the society against the injustice of the other part . . . . If a majority be united by a common interest, the rights of the minority will be insecure . . . . The society itself [must] be broken into so many parts, interests, and classes of citizens, that the rights of individuals, or of the minority, will be in little danger from interested combinations of the majority.”

What feature of the new United States Constitution prevents the problem of majority faction described above?

A. The Constitution creates a nation of largely independent states, loosely organized by a weak central government.
Incorrect. This is the Anti-Federalist position and does not describe the Constitution. Madison would argue that such a document would be more likely to lead to majority faction.

B. The Constitution counts slaves as three-fifths of a person, and forbids the banning of the international slave trade until 1808.
Incorrect. This is the Three-Fifths compromise, a divide that split the slave and free states. The issue in the above quote is majority faction. This is solved (according to the Federalists) by a large republic with a strong central government that allows for many interests among the people.

C. The Constitution creates a large republic with states ruled by a strong central government.
Correct! The issue in the above quote is majority faction. This is solved (according to the Federalists) by a large republic with a strong central government that allows for many interests among the people.

D. The Constitution creates a bicameral legislature, with the membership of one part determined by population and the other part divided equally among the states.
Incorrect. This is the Great Compromise, a divide that split the large and small states. The issue in the above quote is majority faction. This is solved (according to the Federalists) by a large republic with a strong central government that allows for many interests among the people.