The list above describes the ideas of which of the following?

A. Romanticism
Incorrect. Romanticism was a European movement; the list above describes an American movement.

B. Transcendentalism
Correct! Transcendentalism focused on the individual and his or her non-conformity.

C. Socialism
Incorrect. Socialism focuses on society as a whole, rather than the individual.

D. Naturalism
Incorrect. The list does not refer to naturalism.

Which of the following 19th century utopian communities was directly influenced by transcendentalism?

A. Brook Farm
Correct! Brook Farm was established to promote harmony and brotherhood.

B. Oneida
Incorrect. This was not a transcendentalist community.

C. New Harmony
Incorrect. This was not a transcendentalist community.

D. Hudson River
Incorrect. This was not a transcendentalist community.

Which of the following was known for writing one of the first detective stories?

A. Louisa May Alcott
Incorrect. Alcott wrote many novels about families.

B. Walt Whitman
Incorrect. Whitman was known for his collection of poems, Leaves of Grass, which some considered obscene.

C. Herman Melville
Incorrect. Melville was known for his novel, Moby Dick.

D. Edgar Allen Poe
Correct! Edgar Allen Poe was credited with inventing the detective novel as well as writing some of the earliest short stories.

The painting Niagara Falls was painted by which Hudson River School artist?

A. John Singleton Copley
Incorrect. Copley was an artist but did not belong to the Hudson River School.

B. Frederick Church
Correct! Frederick Church’s artwork focused on natural wonders such as Niagara Falls and the Andes Mountains.

C. Thomas Cole
Incorrect. Although he was a member of the Hudson River School, he did not paint this.

D. Gilbert Stuart
Incorrect. Stuart was a portraitist, but he was not a part of the Hudson River School.