- addend
- one of two numbers being added together
- algorithm
- a step-by-step procedure for performing a computation
- area
- the amount of space covered by a flat figure, measured in square units
- bar graph
- a graph that uses either vertical or horizontal bars to display countable data
- bias
- the tendency for a survey to overestimate or underestimate a characteristic of the population
- box and whiskers plot
- also called a box plot, a graphic method for showing a summary of data using the five-number summary of data: median, lower quartile, upper quartile, maximum, and minimum
- box plot
- also called a box and whiskers plot, a graphic method for showing a summary of data using the five-number summary of data: median, lower quartile, upper quartile, maximum, and minimum
- categorical data
- types of data that can be divided into groups
- circle
- a figure that represents a set of points the same distance from a point called the center of the circle
- circle graph
- a graphical display that divides a circle with radii into sectors that proportionally represent the parts to the total set of data
- circumference
- the distance around the edge of a circle
- composite figure
- a figure made from two or more polygons, circles, or parts of circles
- coordinate plane
- a plane generated with a horizontal, or x, axis and a vertical, or y, axis that is used to identify the location of specific points
- corresponding angles
- two angles in two figures that have the same relative position
- corresponding sides
- two sides in two figures that have the same relative position
- dependent events
-
two or more events in which the outcome of any event does affect the outcome of the other event(s)
- difference
- the result of two numbers that were subtracted
- dilation
- a transformation that generates an enlargement or a reduction
- dividend
- in a division problem, the number that is being broken into smaller groups; if the problem is a number sentence, the dividend is the first number, and if the problem is written with a division bracket, then the dividend is the number inside the bracket
- divisor
- in a division problem, the number that is being divided into the dividend; if the problem is a number sentence, the dividend is the second number, and if the problem is written with a division bracket, then the dividend is the number to the left of the bracket
- dot plot
- also called a line plot, a graphical display of data showing frequency of data on a number line
- enlargement
- a dilation of a figure that results in a larger figure; an enlargement uses a scale factor that is greater than 1
- equation
- a statement of equality between two mathematical expressions
- expression
- a mathematical phrase that can include operations, numerals, and variables
- factor
- one of two numbers being multiplied
- first quartile
- also called the lower quartile, the boundary point separating the bottom quarter of a data set from the remaining three-quarters of the data set when the data is ordered from least to greatest
- histogram
- a graphical display that shows frequencies as bars
A histogram is a graphical display that shows how many data values fall into a certain interval. The width of the bar represents the interval, while the height indicates the number of data items, or frequency, in that interval.
- independent events
- two or more events in which the outcome of any event does not affect the outcome of the other event(s)
- integer
- a set of numbers that includes counting numbers {1, 2, 3, …}, 0, and the opposites of counting numbers {−1, −2, −3, ….}
- line graph
- a graphical display that shows data values as points that are connected with line segments
Line graphs are used to show changes in variables over time.
- maximum value
- the value in a set of data that has the greatest value when compared to the other elements of the data set
- median
- the midpoint of a data set
The median is the number at which half of the numbers in the set are above the median and half are below it.
- minimum value
- the value in a set of data that has the least value when compared to the other elements of the data set
- minuend
- a number from which another number is to be subtracted
- octahedron
- three-dimensional figure with 8 congruent faces
- ordered pairs
- a number pair written in (x, y) form, where x represents the input value, and y represents the output values
- parallelogram
- a quadrilateral containing two pairs of parallel sides
- percent
- a part-to-whole ratio that is given in terms of parts per hundred
- perimeter
- sum of the lengths of the edges of a polygon
- population
- a group that is being surveyed, studied, or described using data
- probability
- the chance of an event occurring
The probability of an event is equal to the number of favorable outcomes divided by the number of possible outcomes.
- product
- the result of two numbers that were multiplied together
- proportion
- an equation showing two ratios that are equivalent
- pyramid
- a three-dimensional figure containing one polygonal base and lateral faces adjoining the base that are triangles meeting at one point opposite the base, which is called the vertex of the pyramid
- quarter circle
- a figure that is one-quarter of a circle
- quotient
- the result of two numbers that were divided
- rate of change
- a ratio that describes the change in successive values of number pairs in an input-output relationship
- ratio
- a comparison between two different things
- rectangle
- a quadrilateral containing four right angles
- rectangular pyramid
- a three-dimensional figure containing one rectangle-shaped base and triangle-shaped lateral faces meeting at the vertex of the pyramid
- random sample
- a selected group that is chosen randomly from the population
Every member of the population has an equal chance of being selected for a random sample.
- ratio
- a comparison between two different quantities
- rational number
- a number that can be written as a ratio of two integers
- rectangular prism
- a three-dimensional figure containing two parallel, congruent bases which are rectangles and are connected by faces that are parallelograms
- reduction
- a dilation of a figure that results in a smaller figure; a reduction uses a scale factor that is between 0 and 1
- response bias
- survey bias that results from creating a survey that is likely to create a particular response from the participants, including asking of leading questions or social desirability of responses
- sample
- a portion of the group that is being surveyed, studied, or described
- scale factor
- a ratio between two sets of measurements
- selection bias
- survey bias that results from the way that the sample is constructed, such as a sample that is not representative of the entire population
- semicircle
- a figure that is one-half of a circle
- similar figures
- figures that have the same shape but not necessarily the same size
- simple event
- one action that occurs and is described using a probability
- square
- a quadrilateral containing four right angles and four congruent sides
- square pyramid
- a three-dimensional figure containing one square-shaped base and triangle-shaped lateral faces meeting at the vertex of the pyramid
- stem and leaf plot
- a frequency distribution made by arranging data
- subtrahend
- a number that is being subtracted from another number
- sum
- the result of two numbers that were added together
- third quartile
- also called the upper quartile, the boundary point separating the top quarter of a data set from the remaining three-quarters
- trapezoid
- a quadrilateral containing exactly one pair of parallel sides
- trend line
- a line that can be used to approximate patterns in a graphed set of data
- triangle
- a three-sided polygon
- triangular prism
- a three-dimensional figure containing two parallel, congruent bases which are triangles and are connected by faces that are parallelograms
- triangular pyramid
- a three-dimensional figure containing one triangle-shaped base and triangle-shaped lateral faces meeting at the vertex of the pyramid
- volume
- a measure of the amount of space an object takes up