By the late 18th century, the United States had become a young nation with an increasingly diverse population and more economic opportunities. It had changed from a land of 13 English colonies to a nation of states, each with its own characteristics that contributed to the appeal of this country.

The settlements that had been established along the Atlantic coast were now bustling cities filled with people and businesses. People looking for better opportunities began to move past these established areas. This westward migration led to the westward expansion of the United States.

In 1803, the United States purchased the Louisiana Territory from France, which nearly doubled its geographic size. This opened up even more land for Americans to explore and settle. The discovery of gold in California from 1848 to 1855 caused many to move west in search of new fortune.

During this time, the United States was also experiencing changes in agriculture, manufacturing, and technology related to the Industrial Revolution. To accommodate the westward expansion, many industries began to flourish. There was now a need for more steel and lumber as well as a way to transport these items.

→ Quick Reflection: What other industries do you think may have been created as a result of this westward movement?

A few industries that may have been created as a result of westward expansion are steel companies, home builders, retail stores, railroad companies, and telegraph companies.

The painting below, American Progress by John Gast, depicts the westward migration of Americans during this period. Click on each quadrant of the painting to get a closer look.

Answer the following questions in your notes.

1. Why do you think the artist titled this painting American Progress? Cite three examples to support your answer. Interactive popup. Assistance may be required.

   Sample Answer

   Gast may have titled the painting American Progress because it depicts how the United States is progressing in its westward expansion. Examples from the painting are the expansion of the railroad, the movement of more people heading west, and the expansion of the telegraph lines.
2. What industries do you see represented in this painting? Interactive popup. Assistance may be required.

   Sample Answer

   The railroad, shipping, agricultural, and the telegraph industries are represented.