In the previous section, you learned about some of the eras in Texas history. There are different ways that eras can be defined. Some eras are defined by chronology, meaning that events of an era occur in order. Timelines can help you understand the chronology of events that characterize an era. The timeline below represents the events of the Texas Revolution.

Interactive exercise. Assistance may be required. Click on each year and read about some of the events, issues, and individuals that define this era. (Note: The timeline below is an abbreviated timeline of the Texas Revolution.)


An issue or event rather than a period may define some eras. Read below to learn more about one of the events in Texas history that is defined as an era, the Age of Oil.

Image of an aged photo of an oil field lined with several oil derricks. A small shack is in the foreground, as well as a model-T ford with two occupants.

Source: Texas boom, Eno Petroleum Corporation

Oil has always been a resource in Texas. American Indians used the tar from the surface oil for a variety of things. In the 1500s, European explorers found uses for the tar that washed up on the shores along the coast of Texas. In the late 1800s, oil production started in East Texas, and by 1900, oil production increased in different regions in Texas.

It was the discovery of oil at Spindletop in Beaumont that transformed the Texas economy and society forever. Click on the link below to watch a video.

Video segment. Assistance may be required. Black Gold

After watching the video, answer the following questions in your notes.

  1. Why was Spindletop initially difficult to pump for oil?

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    Check Your Answer

    Initially, it was difficult for the Hamill Brothers to pump Spindletop for oil because there was too much sand in the soil. Close Pop Up

  2. How did the Hamill brothers overcome the obstacles of pumping oil at Spindletop?

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    The Hamill Brothers used mud to assist them in pumping oil at Spindletop.Close Pop Up

  3. How did the discovery of oil at Spindletop impact the economy of the United States?

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    The discovery of oil at Spindletop led to the United States becoming the largest oil producer in the world at that time. Close Pop Up