Section 3: Arrhenius Acids and Bases 

About 1884, the Swedish chemist Svante Arrhenius defined acids as substances that release hydrogen ions ( H⁺ ) in water, and bases as substances that release hydroxide ions ( OH^- ) in water. 
Substances which dissolve in whole or in part as ions are called electrolytes .  A strong electrolyte is a substance which dissociates completely into ions while a weak electrolyte only partially dissociates.  Likewise, a strong base is a strong electrolyte which ionizes completely to give hydroxide ions in aqueous solution. A strong acid ionizes completely to give hydrogen ions in the aqueous solution. The remaining ions simply continue to exist as a solution of a salt. The Arrhenius concept was not intended to, and does not deal with acid-base chemistry in solvents other than water.

The equation below shows how HCl (hydrochloric acid) releases positive hydrogen ions in H₂O (water).

HCl + H₂O → H⁺ + Cl^-

For each substance listed below, move it into the Flask marked Acids or Bases as defined by Arrhenius.