Since there are about 20,000 Spanish-English cognates, it would be silly to try to memorize them all. However, because recognizing cognates is an excellent way to use your knowledge of Spanish to learn new English words and vice versa, let’s talk about ways you can recognize cognates when you are reading unfamiliar words.

The following three types of cognates are relatively easy to recognize:

• Words that are spelled exactly the same
• Words that are spelled slightly differently
• Words that are spelled differently but sound similar

Since words that are spelled exactly the same are the easiest to identify, let’s spend some time identifying the other two types of cognates.

Words that are spelled slightly differently

Spelling patterns can help you identify Spanish cognates that are spelled slightly differently from the English word. Some of the most common patterns are numbered below. Tip: When you encounter an unfamiliar word, read the sentence aloud. Often, hearing the word will help you identify a cognate.

1. Some Spanish words are spelled exactly the same as their English counterparts, except for an -e, -a, or -o at the end of these words. The following are a few examples of Spanish-English cognates in which the Spanish words end in -e, -a, and -o:

Spanish	English
restaurante	restaurant
musica	music
grúpo	group

When you’re reading and you encounter a word that looks like a Spanish word you know, but it’s missing an -a, -e, or -o, then it’s probably a cognate like the next example.

Denny recorded the results of his experiment every day.

If you are unfamiliar with the word experiment, but you know the Spanish word experimento, then you can conclude that experiment is the same as experimento.

2. The English suffix -tion is the same as Spanish suffix -cion.

Spanish	English
información	information
declaración	declaration

3. The English letters ph make the same sound as the letter f in Spanish. As you probably know, in English we pronounce the letters ph as [f]. So, when you read an unfamiliar English word that starts with or contains ph, think about Spanish words that sound the same but contain the letter f instead.

Spanish	English
teléfono	telephone
foto	photo

4. Words that end in -io or -ia in Spanish are often cognates of words that end in -y in English.

Spanish	English
historia	history
tragedia	tragedy
laboratorio	laboratory

Words that are spelled differently but sound similar

Reading aloud can be very helpful in recognizing Spanish-English cognates that are spelled differently but sound similar. Let’s take a look at a few words that fall into this category.

Spanish	English
igual	equal
inicial	initial
hipótesis	hypothesis

Now, let’s see if you can recognize the three different types of cognates. Complete the activity below by dragging and dropping each cognate pair into the correct column.