- ad valorem
- a tax imposed at a rate percent of value
- aerospace
- an industry that deals with travel in and above the Earth's atmosphere and with the production of vehicles used in such travel
- annexation
- the addition of (an area or region) to a country, state, etc.; to take control of (a territory or place)
- appellate
- having the power to review and change the decisions of a lower court
- black blizzards
- massive dust storms that blew into the southern Great Plains during the droughts of 1930
- blockade
- an act of war in which one country uses ships to stop people or supplies from entering or leaving another country
- budget
- an official statement from a government about how much it plans to spend during a particular period of time and how it will pay for the expenses
- characterize
- to be a characteristic of; distinguish
- chronology
- an arrangement (as of events) in order of occurrence
- civic participation
- engagement in civic duties such as voting or participating in the political process
- colonization
- the process of establishing colonies or settlements
- compromise
- a way of reaching agreement in which each person or group gives up something that was wanted in order to end an argument or dispute
- conquistador
- a leader in Spanish conquests and exploration
- delegate(s)
- a representative of the people
- despotism
- a government in which the ruler has absolute power over the governed
- economic
- related to the production, distribution and consumption of goods and services
- empresario(s)
- an agent who brings settlers to a colony
- era(s)
- a memorable or important date or event; especially one that begins a new period in the history of a person or thing
- expense(s)
- something on which money is spent
- famine
- an extreme scarcity of food
- freedmen
- African Americans who were freed from slavery
- Freedmen's Bureau
- a Reconstruction Era organization that assisted former slaves after emancipation
- genre(s)
- a category of artistic, musical, or literary composition characterized by a particular style, form, or content
- Great Depression
- a period of severe economic hardship in the United States which began in 1929 and continued until World War II
- immigration
- the act of moving into a country of which one is not a native for permanent residence
- infrastructure
- the basic equipment and structures (such as roads and bridges) that are needed for a country, region, or organization to function properly
- interest
- a charge for borrowed money, generally a percentage of the amount borrowed
- internment
- the act of confinement or impounding especially during a war
- joint resolution
- a resolution passed by both houses of a legislative body that has the force of law when signed by or passed over the veto of the executive
- memoirs
- a written account of someone or something that is usually based on personal knowledge of the subject
- migrant(s)
- a person who goes from one place to another, especially to find work
- migrate
- to move from one country, place, or locality to another
- migration
- the act of moving from one country, place, or locality to another
- militia
- a group of people who are not part of the armed forces of a country but are trained like soldiers
- mission
- a religious outpost where the Spanish and Native Texas Indians lived
- mobilization
- the act of coming together for action
- municipal
- of or relating to the government of a city or town
- nomadic
- roaming about from place to place
- political
- related to politics or government
- poverty
- the state of being poor
- precinct
- any one of the sections that a town or city is divided into when people vote in an election
- presidio
- a military outpost built by the Spanish military to protect the missionaries and Spanish citizens
- pull factors
- social, economic, and environmental factors that draw migrants from their original location
- push factors
- social, economic, and environmental forces that drive people from their original location and cause them to seek a new one
- ranchos
- locations where missionaries, Indians, and Spanish citizens raised livestock
- Reconstruction
- the period of U.S. history after the Civil War, from 1865 to 1877, in which the North readmitted the South into the Union
- redistricting
- the process of dividing (a town, state, etc.) into new political districts
- renewable energy
- energy that comes from natural sources that are able to be easily replenished
- repatriation
- the act of returning (someone) to his or her own country
- resilience
- the ability to become strong, healthy, or successful again after something bad has happened
- secede
- to withdraw from an organization (as a nation, church, or political party)
- sectionalism
- the division of economies, social structures, customs, and political values of the North and South
- self-government
- the ruling of oneself
- sharecropper(s)
- a person who rents out farmland to someone who will work it in exchange for a percentage of the crops
- social
- related to human society
- sovereign
- one possessing or held to possess supreme political power
- subsistence farming
- farming or a system of farming that provides all or almost all the goods required by the farm family, usually without any significant surplus for sale
- tariff
- a tax on goods coming into or leaving a country
- trend
- to show a tendency