ad valorem
a tax imposed at a rate percent of value
aerospace
an industry that deals with travel in and above the Earth's atmosphere and with the production of vehicles used in such travel
annexation
the addition of (an area or region) to a country, state, etc.; to take control of (a territory or place)
appellate
having the power to review and change the decisions of a lower court
black blizzards
massive dust storms that blew into the southern Great Plains during the droughts of 1930
blockade
an act of war in which one country uses ships to stop people or supplies from entering or leaving another country
budget
an official statement from a government about how much it plans to spend during a particular period of time and how it will pay for the expenses
characterize
to be a characteristic of; distinguish
chronology
an arrangement (as of events) in order of occurrence
civic participation
engagement in civic duties such as voting or participating in the political process
colonization
the process of establishing colonies or settlements
compromise
a way of reaching agreement in which each person or group gives up something that was wanted in order to end an argument or dispute
conquistador
a leader in Spanish conquests and exploration
delegate(s)
a representative of the people
despotism
a government in which the ruler has absolute power over the governed
economic
related to the production, distribution and consumption of goods and services
empresario(s)
an agent who brings settlers to a colony
era(s)
a memorable or important date or event; especially one that begins a new period in the history of a person or thing
expense(s)
something on which money is spent
famine
an extreme scarcity of food
freedmen
African Americans who were freed from slavery
Freedmen's Bureau
a Reconstruction Era organization that assisted former slaves after emancipation
genre(s)
a category of artistic, musical, or literary composition characterized by a particular style, form, or content
Great Depression
a period of severe economic hardship in the United States which began in 1929 and continued until World War II
immigration
the act of moving into a country of which one is not a native for permanent residence
infrastructure
the basic equipment and structures (such as roads and bridges) that are needed for a country, region, or organization to function properly
interest
a charge for borrowed money, generally a percentage of the amount borrowed
internment
the act of confinement or impounding especially during a war
joint resolution
a resolution passed by both houses of a legislative body that has the force of law when signed by or passed over the veto of the executive
memoirs
a written account of someone or something that is usually based on personal knowledge of the subject
migrant(s)
a person who goes from one place to another, especially to find work
migrate
to move from one country, place, or locality to another
migration
the act of moving from one country, place, or locality to another
militia
a group of people who are not part of the armed forces of a country but are trained like soldiers
mission
a religious outpost where the Spanish and Native Texas Indians lived
mobilization
the act of coming together for action
municipal
of or relating to the government of a city or town
nomadic
roaming about from place to place
political
related to politics or government
poverty
the state of being poor
precinct
any one of the sections that a town or city is divided into when people vote in an election
presidio
a military outpost built by the Spanish military to protect the missionaries and Spanish citizens
pull factors
social, economic, and environmental factors that draw migrants from their original location
push factors
social, economic, and environmental forces that drive people from their original location and cause them to seek a new one
ranchos
locations where missionaries, Indians, and Spanish citizens raised livestock
Reconstruction
the period of U.S. history after the Civil War, from 1865 to 1877, in which the North readmitted the South into the Union
redistricting
the process of dividing (a town, state, etc.) into new political districts
renewable energy
energy that comes from natural sources that are able to be easily replenished
repatriation
the act of returning (someone) to his or her own country
resilience
the ability to become strong, healthy, or successful again after something bad has happened
secede
to withdraw from an organization (as a nation, church, or political party)
sectionalism
the division of economies, social structures, customs, and political values of the North and South
self-government
the ruling of oneself
sharecropper(s)
a person who rents out farmland to someone who will work it in exchange for a percentage of the crops
social
related to human society
sovereign
one possessing or held to possess supreme political power
subsistence farming
farming or a system of farming that provides all or almost all the goods required by the farm family, usually without any significant surplus for sale
tariff
a tax on goods coming into or leaving a country
trend
to show a tendency